which of the following is not true of synovial joints?
b. b. d. Muscle does not attch to muscle; it only attaches to bone. A temporal A synovial membrane a. articular cartilage c. diarthrosis No previous study has investigated the synovial fluid (SF) FA manifestations in these aging-related inflammatory diseases in the shoulder. Watch this video to see an animation of synovial joints in action. B cartilage production stops unless there is need for repair Hinge joints, such as at the elbow, knee, ankle, or interphalangeal joints between phalanx bones of the fingers and toes, allow only for bending and straightening of the joint. C parietal and mandible B lungs Arthritis may arise from aging, damage to the articular cartilage, autoimmune diseases, bacterial or viral infections, or unknown (probably genetic) causes. a. prevent hyperextension of the knee c. Synovial membrane and articular cartilage. A strong, fibrous cord that attches muscle to bone b. nonaxial movement; no movement What is the most common cause of hip disability? c. pronation and supination d. joint cavity, Articulations permitting only slight degreees of movement are___________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called_____________. a. fibrous d. Neurons that innervate muscles, What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole? a. hands Which of the following provides evidence for evolution? This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. What is aponeurosis? Additional structures located outside of a synovial joint serve to prevent friction between the bones of the joint and the overlying muscle tendons or skin. Primary cartilaginous joints: These cartilaginous joints are composed entirely of . A mushroom that you see above the ground is actually a a. basidiospore. Transcribed image text: Complete the following statements regarding synovial joints. The act of increasing the angle between bones is ____________________. D bones/digestion, Which statement is NOT true of PTH and calcitonin? a. the temporomandibular joint c. They allow movement only in one plane. d. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. Planar Joints Planar joints have bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved faces. This stimulates the sarcolemma, which sends an impulse to the actin and myosin filaments. D both A and B, and by increasing calcium absorption, Which statement is NOT true of hormones and bone growth? c. between the humerus and the glenoid cavity a. d. An impluse tiggers the release of acetylcholine (ACh). c. amphiarthrosis Knee joint (Articulatio genu) The knee joint is a synovial joint that connects three bones; the femur, tibia and patella. a. nonaxial Synovial joints are the most common type of joints in the body. Describe the characteristic structures found at all synovial joints. a. Assume that the Porsche accelerates uniformly from 80.5km/h(50mi/h)80.5 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}(50 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h})80.5km/h(50mi/h) at t=0t=0t=0 to 113km/h(70mi/h)113 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}(70 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h})113km/h(70mi/h) at t=9st=9 \mathrm{~s}t=9s. Which graph in Figure 2-28 best describes the motion of the car? The angle between bones is decreased d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, Tendon sheaths ________. Z lines Usually only one or a few joints are affected, such as the big toe, knee, or ankle. c. Ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint on all sides and strengthen the joint. C. The distal joint between the tibia and fibula. ANS: D Feedback A Synovial joints have a cavity. The act of bending or decreasing the angle between bones is known as ____________________. Since joints in the legs are subjected to greater forces, they are. a. tendons These are found at the articulation between the C1 (atlas) and the dens of the C2 (axis) vertebrae, which provides the side-to-side rotation of the head, or at the proximal radioulnar joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna, which allows for rotation of the radius during forearm movements. d. tone, Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion? \end{array} c. tendon sheaths By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the characteristic features for synovial jointsand give examples. c. amphiarthroses a. the triceps brachii is the prime mover, and the brachialis is the synergist D symphysis, Which of the following is NOT an example of a suture joint? C fibrous connective tissue Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the . At the shoulder, subacromial bursitis may occur in the bursa that separates the acromion of the scapula from the tendon of a shoulder muscle as it passes deep to the acromion. Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? a. amphiarthroses, synarthroses At the elbow, olecranon bursitis is inflammation of the bursa between the skin and olecranon process of the ulna. b. synchondrosis Which are the least mobile of all synovial joints? Long protein bundles htat fill the sarcoplasmand store glycogen b. shape of articular surfaces b. articular (joint) capsule c. generally less stable than arm joints. Which of the following is NOT true of synovial joints? True False; Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). Freely movable (synovial) joints are most abundant and include six types: pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and-socket joints. This causes the myofilaments to shorten, which pulls the Z disks closer together to shorten the sarcomere and the entire muscle. a. interphalangeal joints A synarthrosis, which is an immobile joint, serves to strongly connect bones thus protecting internal organs such as the heart or brain. c. Hip Tendon sheaths contain a lubricating fluid and surround tendons to allow for smooth movement of the tendon as it crosses a joint. c. Lyme disease In a hinge joint, the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone (see Figure 9.4.3b). They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. b. A proteins that become part of bone A center of the diaphysis It is known as voluntary muscle With no known cure, treatments are aimed at alleviating symptoms. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head. A slightly moveable amphiarthrosis provides for small movements while maintaining stability between adjacent bones as in the vertebral column. C 8, 2, 2 B frontal c. fruiting body. d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments, d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments. Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. a. joint (articular) cavity Functionally, condyloid joints are biaxial joints that allow for two planes of movement. c. Linkages form between the actin and myosin. At a plane joint (gliding joint), the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other (see Figure 9.4.3d). The articular cartilage has no nerve supply. Two general principles apply to synovial joint innervation: Hilton's law states: Articular nerves supplying a joint are branches of the nerves that supply the muscles responsible for moving that joint. c. pronation Cartilaginous Joints. A insulin calcium carbonate. II and III only 4. b. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular Which of the following joints would allow no movement? I and III only 3. A \rightarrow B \\ Answer the following question to test your understanding of the preceding section: This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. The acetabulum of the pelvis is reshaped and a replacement socket is fitted into its place. D \rightarrow A \\ Describe the structures that provide direct and indirect support for a synovial joint. At these joints, the rounded head of one bone (the ball) fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone (see Figure 9.4.3f). A synovial fluid analysis is a group of tests that checks for disorders that affect the joints. synovial membrane which part of a synovial joint cushions the ends of the bones? C PTH and GH D. The spongy bone of flat and irregular bones contains: A osteons to produce new bone. The intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis are cartilaginous joints, whereas the hip, knee, and shoulder are synovial joints, which are kept together by ligaments. D the hip joint is considered weight bearing, Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints? d. uniaxial joint; permits only slipping or gliding movements, c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes, Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints? A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint that is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints is the presence of a joint cavity. At the knee, inflammation and swelling of the bursa located between the skin and patella bone is prepatellar bursitis (housemaids knee), a condition more commonly seen today in roofers or floor and carpet installers who do not use knee pads. What are the possible values for m\mathbf{m}_{\ell}m for Flex Relief XL. All synovial joints allow for movement and are susceptible to arthritis. Synovial joints are freely movable and allow for motion at the location where bones meet. a. flexor D zygomatic and temporal, An example of a condyloid joint is the: This movement of the first carpometacarpal joint is what gives humans their distinctive opposable thumbs. d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal, d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal, Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on __________. a. location Diarthrosis A) 1 only B) 2 only Repeated acute episodes of bursitis can result in a chronic condition. D sphenoid and occipital, The crainial bone that attaches the anterior meninges and forms part of the nasal septum is the a. A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. Write an equation for the reaction of each antacid with hydrochloric acid. A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. The following is a list of the joints' functional . Which of the following is NOT true of synovial joints? What caused this patients weakness? Adduction moves body parts the midine while abduction moves them. D touch, Lenin: Consolidation of Power (1917-1918), Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5, Chapter 5 a, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Elizabeth Pennefather-O'Brien, Michael McKinley, Valerie O'Loughlin. D protects the spinal cord from mechanical injury, Two adjacent vertebrae form this type of joint: a. articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage b. between the vertebrae The six types of synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints (Figure 9.4.3). Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? b. saddle (b) Fill in this table to follow the processes: QWEintABBCCDDAABCDA\begin{array}{l}\hline D growth hormone, The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is: A thyroxine A submuscular bursa is found between a muscle and an underlying bone, or between adjacent muscles. Usually these accumulate within joints, causing joint pain. c. form the synovial membrane. b. less mobile than arm joints. C it anchors tendons However, unlike at a cartilaginous joint, the articular cartilages of each bone are not continuous with each other. C calcium, phosphorus, and protein Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. b. flexion c. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, then it is triaxial. The elbow joint. c. greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it True or False: The most important factor in joint stability is the depth of the articular surface. b. the triceps brachii is the synergist, and the brachialis is the prime mover C taste c. muscle tendons that cross the joint Saddle joints are functionally classified as biaxial joints. b. wrist c. Gliding movements are multiaxial. Another example is the radiocarpal joint of the wrist, between the shallow depression at the distal end of the radius bone and the rounded scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum carpal bones. C frontal b. Epimysium b. c. treppe This causes calcium ions to be pumped into the T tubules. a. adduction e. opposition, Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. A increasing energy production This creates a situation in which the cartilage and fibrous capsule can move and stretch. Some synovial joints also have an articular disc or a meniscus, both of which can provide padding between the bones, smooth their movements, or strongly join the bones together to strengthen the joint. d. cruciate ligaments, Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. When bones are . c. Not all cases of RA result in fluid accumulation, swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. c. oblique popliteal ligament B sutures a. condylar (1) Fibrous joint (2) Cartilaginous joint (3) Synovial joint (4) Ball and socket joint Locomotion and Movement Zoology Practice questions, MCQs, Past Year Questions (PYQs), NCERT Questions, Question Bank, Class 11 and Class 12 Questions, NCERT Exemplar Questions and PDF Questions with answers, solutions, explanations, NCERT reference and . These joints allow for gliding movements, and so the joints are sometimes referred to as gliding joints. In its early stages, symptoms of osteoarthritis may be reduced by mild activity that warms up the joint, but the symptoms may worsen following exercise. a. At a pivot joint, a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament (see Figure 9.4.3a). D ribs/sternum, Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints? Because of the disconnected nature of synovial joints, the bones do not actually touch. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the synovial joints of the hands, feet, and cervical spine. This membrane produces a special fluid to lubricate the joint and prevent wear on cartilage while the joint is in motion. a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. d. Sarcolemmas, According to the sliding-filament model of contraction, how does muscle contraction occur? Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. C body C parathyroid hormone Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. d. ankle, Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. A synovial membrane encapsulates the joint surfaces and synovial fluid. a. synovial c. extension d. another name for an iliotibial tract, The striations of a skeletal muscle cell are produced, for the most part by: The amount of calcium released They allow electrical impulses to travel deep into the cell, What are the units of contraction in a muscle called? Gout is due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the body. c. the shape of the articulating surfaces a. wrist; saddle a. True B. True or False: Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. D ball-and-socket joints, The ethmoid bone helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for: C PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine As forces acting on a joint increase, the body will automatically increase the overall strength of contraction of the muscles crossing that joint, thus allowing the muscle and its tendon to serve as a "dynamic ligament" to resist forces and support the joint. c. It is found in the digestive tract, blood vessels, and airways c. incomplete tetanus The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. a. abduction D symphysis/elastic connective tissue, Which statement is NOT true of the vertebral column? True or False: The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. a. Knee a. cavities lined with cartilage The articulating surfaces of the bones at a synovial joint are not bound to each other by connective tissue or cartilage, which allows the bones to move freely against each other. b. Plane joints are found between the carpal bones (intercarpal joints) of the wrist or tarsal bones (intertarsal joints) of the foot, between the clavicle and acromion of the scapula (acromioclavicular joint), and between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae (zygapophysial joints). a. They are enclosed by a capsule. A mandible and maxilla C yellow bone marrow is mostly adipose tissue B entire length of the diaphysis III. a. pivot A synovial joint is also known as diarthrosis. B parts of the RNA needed for the synthesis of calcium ions d. produce a smooth surface. Which of the following joints would be . c. tend to run parallel to one another D insulin increases protein synthesis and mitosis, Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain? d. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses, Which joint does NOT belong with the others? a. epicranius occipitalis This type of indirect support by muscles is very important at the shoulder joint, for example, where the ligaments are relatively weak. Here, the head of the radius is largely encircled by a ligament that holds it in place as it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna. d. the patellar ligament. There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but several treatments can help alleviate the pain. Affected joints become swollen, stiff, and painful. D) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. The ATP triggers the actin and myosin filaments to shorten, and muscle contraction to occur. Allows only very limited movement b. Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body (Figure 9.4.1). The shallow socket formed by the glenoid cavity allows the shoulder joint an extensive range of motion. Synarthrosis 2. B phosphorus- becomes part of bone matrix d. The bone moves toward the center of the body, Which is moved the least during muscle contraction? Joint cavity c. Articular cartilage d. Fibrous articular capsule e. Reinforcing. A diet with excessive fructose has been implicated in raising the chances of a susceptible individual developing gout. A both have a long bone that has a socket for a short bone These factors put stress on the articular cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones at synovial joints, causing the cartilage to gradually become thinner. At a pivot joint, one bone is held within a ring by a ligament and its articulation with a second bone. b. fibrocartilage C GH a. The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. B xiphoid process Treatments for the disorder include antibiotics if the bursitis is caused by an infection, or anti-inflammatory agents, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids if the bursitis is due to trauma or overuse. O A. In this case, the articulation area has a more oval (elliptical) shape. & Q \quad W \quad \Delta E_{\text {int }} \\ \hline a. a differene in the thickness of the sarcolemma d. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. They store the calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction c. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis, is the most common and most movable type of joint in a mammal's body. Expert Answers: The scapulothoracic joint is not a true synovial joint. If the statement is false, correct it so it is a true statement. It contains enzymes only. Depending upon the specific joint of the body, a plane joint may exhibit movement in a single plane or in multiple planes. The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly against each other, allowing for increased joint mobility. False B 4 A parietal An example of a pivot joint is the atlantoaxial joint, found between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae. D spare ribs, The manubrium of the _____ articulates with the ______. b. sternocleidomastoid d. synchondrosis, Fibrous joints are classified as ________. Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________. b. uniaxial True or False: The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. A. Shoulder Arthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint. B thyroxine and calcitonin