united states acquisitions and annexations 1857 1904
I prefer the term Greater United States, just so as to avoid confusion with Herbert E. Boltons influential notion of the Greater America, intended to encompass all of the Americas within a single analytical frame. To get a better sense of this, consider the historiographic fate of the Philippines, the largest U.S. colony by an order of magnitude, in our most prominent historical journals. I calculated 135,341,000 persons in the colonies and occupation zones and 132,481,000 in the continental United States. Six thousand American troops participated in the British occupation of Havana in 1762-3, but the island was exchanged for Florida at the peace treaty of 1763. analyze this Document (notes). United States Acquisitions and Imperialism, 19151940 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2001); Laura Briggs, Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. This was not just a war to defend the sovereignty of countries in Europe and Asia. %
self-governing commonwealth of the United States, Annexed following Spanish-America War; in 1950 became
Surely, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in the war. Why has this figure, who seems so immediately fascinating, not part of mainstream U.S. historiography? The logo-map silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. Get Your Custom Essay on, United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence Following the United States' annexation of the Philippines, _____ led a revolt against the U.S. that resulted in more U.S. casualties than the number who . Consider Williamss Empire as a Way of Life , a 226-page survey of U.S. imperial ambitions that engages in no substantive discussion of any overseas territory. In a series of cases from 1901 to 1922, known as the Insular Cases , the Supreme Court considered whether the territories were part of the United States as referred to in the Constitution, i.e., it asked whether the Constitution applied to them. In cases where the territory of a future state was not all annexed at once, I count from the time year by which the majority of its land was annexed. Sectionalism map of the united states; Nevertheless, the broad point that the continental and extra-continental populations were roughly equal holds under any reasonable accounting. Purchase from Mexico following military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. Andrene Everson (New York, 2007), 131. It set the Philippines free. It would be hard to disagree with the Wisconsin-School assertion that U.S. global power rests on foundations other than territorial control. Why do you think so many of these new possessions were islands located in the Pacific Ocean? Consider that, in 1940, African Americans made up less than nine percent of the population. Diplomatic History used to be like that. of the United States, Geography 20 The United States of America, as a name, was accurate for less than seven weeks. Opening to China, A State of Neutrality: State Development and Early American Neutrality, U.S. Art Museums and Exhibition Diplomacy, Cultural Intermediaries and the Sounds of Freedom, About the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. To occupy a country temporarily is obviously different from annexing it. National Wildlife Refuge, Joint occupation with Britain;
Search for other works by this author on: The Author 2016. United States Acquisitions and Annexations 1857-1904. 1848. An acquisition occurs when a buying company . United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence These were, it is important to state, not novelty maps. Also available in digital form. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. It has to do also with something deeper: our conception of the United States. It was a moment when the United States briefly flirted with outright territorial conquest before turning toward other, harder-to-see forms of global power. 39 It abandoned base sites, in some cases as a response to anti-basing protests. Treaty of Paris
It would be easy to round those points down to zero, just as it has been easy to round the western territories up to states. Zone in Austria (2,650): John D. Hilldring, American Policy in Occupied Areas (Washington, DC: 1947), 24; U.S. See also Stacie L. Pettyjohn, U. S. Global Defense Posture, 17832001 (Santa Monica, CA, 2012). 4. 4. Micronesia, United Nations Trust Territory; 1979 self-governing; 1986
William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (Cleveland, OH, 1959). Purchase from Mexico following American-Mexican War; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. Now lets look at Entrepreneurial Leadership The Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) dates to 1949. 23. %PDF-1.5
Erez Manela, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford, 2007). 2. 1. America Acquires Alaska Secretary of State William Seward arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia Showed U. S. Imperialism Also made it clear to the rest of the world that the U. S. was becoming a world power. Daniel Immerwahr, The Greater United States: Territory and Empire in U.S. History , Diplomatic History, Volume 40, Issue 3, June 2016, Pages 373391, https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhw009, March 1954 is a month diplomatic historians know well. Only in Hawaii, Midway, and Howland did the vagaries of the international date line place the attack on December 7th. 9. But to think of the United States as having an informal empire only would be to miss something important. The first arc in the history of the Greater United States, concerning western territories, is obviously central to any telling of U.S. history, and has been since at least Frederick Jackson Turners frontier thesis. Overseas empire usually appears in textbooks as an episodea single chapter, set in 1898rather than as an enduring feature. It included an extended period of martial law in Hawaii. Earl S. Pomeroy, Pacific Outpost: American Strategy in Guam and Micronesia (Stanford,CA, 1951). Vendor: Bernard J. Shapero Books (London) Acquisitions control no. The Oregon Treaty with Great Britain. United States--Foreign relations, - Acquisitions of US Territory, 1783-1853 - etc.usf.edu <>
The 18981899 annexations showed U.S. thinkers their country from a new perspective. The profession of liberty (the eagle), the reality of domination (the grasping talons)both parts are important to the notion of informal empire. As the 1898 generation saw, a full history of the Greater United States is not just the story of overseas territories, but also of western ones. Arguments for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Spain for $20 millon following
All instructions are in the template file. The mission of the historical office is to collect, preserve, and present the history of the Office of . 46. Following are the historical territorial acquisitions of the United States: For information on internal territorial acquisitions, see List of U.S.Native American treaties. Levittown, Puerto Rico, that is. Wall maps. Today, we are in a similar position. This purchase ended Russia's presence in North America and ensured U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim. But I do not think that is reason for U.S. historians to exclude the territories from their analyses and stick to the mainland. Oregon Territory. endobj
ed. United States territorial acquisitions - INFOGALACTIC (William B.) In that decade, his followers bombed numerous federal buildings (including the governors mansion) and assassinated Puerto Ricos chief of police. Not yet. 28 And the annexations continued: Alaska (1867), the 189899 acquisitions (Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, American Samoa), the Panama Canal Zone (1903), the Virgin Islands (1917), and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947). 24 Today, we can add another major form of territorial extension to the story: overseas military bases. Kate Zernike, A Palin Joined Alaskan Third Party, Just Not Sarah Palin, New York Times , September 3, 2008. 7. On Indian Territory, alternatively known as Indian Country: Roy Gittinger, The Formation of the State of Oklahoma, 18031906 (Norman, OK, 1939); Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father: The United States and the American Indians , 2 vols. On points in the postWorld War II landscape, I have been greatly influenced by William Rankin, After the Map: Cartography, Navigation, and the Transformation of Territory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, IL, 2016). 1845. If this comes as news to you, youre in good company. 2. In 1947, the Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, and Marshall Islands became the most recent U.S. territorial acquisitions, as of August 2021. In World War I, inspired by Wilsonian rhetoric of self-determination, Albizu served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Bicknell, E. (1904) The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. 5 0 obj
For a comparable historiographical concept, see Gary Wilders notion of Greater France in The Imperial Nation-State: Negritude and Colonialism Humanism between the Two World Wars (Chicago, IL, 2005). United States--History, - Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. The problem is not, I hasten to add, a lack of available information. Calculated from figures in Franklin K. Van Zandt, Boundaries of the United States and the Several States (Washington, DC, 1966), 26264 and Thomas Donaldson, The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics (Washington, DC, 1884), 8788. Dean Kohlhoff, When the Wind Was a River: Aleut Evacuation in World War II (Seattle, WA, 1995) and Jennifer Sepez, Christina Package, Patricia E. Malcolm, and Amanda Poole, Unalaska, Alaska: Memory and Denial in the Globalization of the Aleutian Landscape, Polar Geography 30 (2007): 193209. The same builders who built the famous New York and Pennsylvania suburbs constructed a planned community in Puerto Rico. 8. 5. There is another aspect of the Second World War that deserves mention. Paul Kramer, in his portrait of the United States as a nation-based empire, presents a significantly modified version of the Williams thesis that is skeptical of the clean formal/informal distinction: Power and Connection: Imperial Histories of the United States in the World, American Historical Review 116, no. To the story of the United States attempt to encompass Indians within its territorial framework should be added the story of the United States grappling with self-constituted Indian polities, on which see Brian DeLay, Indian Polities, Empire, and the History of American Foreign Relations, Diplomatic History 39, no. This intervention eventually brought about changes in the relationships of the United States with Hawaii, Samoa, and China. 41. The revolt touched eight cities. The reason for Oklahomas long period of territorial subjugation is that, for the majority of the nineteenth century, it wasnt Oklahoma but Indian Territory, a legally defined but unorganized all-Indian territory within the United States. Research at least 6 tools in each category and, Please Follow All The Requirements Carefully And Upload On Time 4 Besides the above, see especially Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (Berkeley, CA, 1990); Katharine H. S. Moon, Sex among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.Korea Relations (New York, 1997); McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest ; Maria Hhn, GIs and Frauleins: The German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002); Ji-Yeon Yuh, Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America (New York, 2002); Petra Goedde, GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 19451959 (New Haven, CT, 2003); Mark L. Gillem, America Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis, MN, 2007); Masumichi S. Inoue, Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization (New York, 2007); Harvey Neptune, Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007); Steven High, Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 19401967 (New York, 2009); Lipman, Guantnamo ; Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire ; David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton, NJ, 2009); Maria Hhn and Seungsook Moon, eds., Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire from World War Two to the Present (Durham, NC, 2010); Amy Austin Holmes, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945 (Cambridge, 2014); Sasha Davis, The Empires Edge: Militarization, Resistance, and Transcending Hegemony in the Pacific (Athens, GA, 2015); and Vine, Base Nation . Or jump ahead to the 2008 presidential election, which pitted Barack Obama, a Hawaiian (born shortly after Hawaii became a state), against John McCain, a Zonian (i.e., born in the Panama Canal Zone), and Sarah Palin, the governor of Alaska. 27. 26. Gift; Howard Roscoe; 1997. It may be done because the neighboring urban areas seek municipal services or because a city seeks control over its suburbs or neighboring unincorporated areas. A helpful overview of the significance of the colonies for the mainland is Alfred W. McCoy, Francisco A. Scarano, and Courtney Johnson, On the Tropic of Cancer: Transitions and Transformations in the U.S. Imperial State, in McCoy and Scarano, Colonial Crucible , 333. 1846. The final map in the series showed the United States full territorial extent. It featured a clean division between home front and battlefield and left the United States largely unscathed, with the sole and notable exception of the attack on Hawaii at Pearl Harbor. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
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